Summer has arrived in India. Bangalore despite being known for its pleasant weather, is facing heatwaves like never before, with temperatures touching 37 degrees. Wearing sunscreen is an important part of every season, but now is a topical moment to learn more about it and beat the heat. In this post, we’ll delve into the science behind sunscreen, discuss its importance, and provide tips on how to choose and use the right sunscreen.
What Is Sunscreen and Why Is It Important?
Sunscreen is a product that helps protect the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV rays can damage the skin, leading to sunburn, premature ageing, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Sunscreen works by either absorbing or reflecting UV rays, depending on the type.
Using sunscreen regularly offers several benefits, such as the following:
- Prevents Sunburn: Sunburn is not only painful but also damages the skin and increases the risk of skin cancer. Sunscreen helps prevent sunburn by blocking UV rays from penetrating the skin.
- Reduces the Risk of Skin Cancer: Regular use of sunscreen has been shown to reduce the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer.
- Prevents Dark Spots and Hyperpigmentation: Sunscreen helps prevent the formation of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, maintaining a more even skin tone.
- Protects Against Environmental Damage: Sunscreen can help protect the skin from environmental factors such as pollution and infrared radiation.
The Science of Sunscreen: SPF, PA, and Broad-Spectrum Protection
SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It is a measure of how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays, which are responsible for sunburn and skin cancer. The higher the SPF, the greater the protection against UV rays. Use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 40.
You might have noticed the PA label on sunscreen bottles. PA stands for ‘Protection Grade of UVA’ and measures how well a sunscreen protects skin against UVA rays. The PA label on the sunscreen is followed by a plus sign, with more plus signs indicating higher protection. Look for sunscreens with the PA+++ label.
Broad-spectrum protection refers to a sunscreen’s ability to protect against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. UVA rays can penetrate deep into the skin, causing premature ageing, wrinkles, and skin cancer. UVB rays are the primary cause of sunburn and are key in the development of skin cancer. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both types of rays. Look for sunscreens labelled ‘broad-spectrum’ to ensure you’re getting protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
Choosing the Right Sunscreen
When choosing a sunscreen, consider your skin type and the activities you will be doing. Look for a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays. Water-resistant formulas are ideal for outdoor activities or if you will be sweating.
- SPF: Look for a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 40, which offers good protection against UVB rays.
- Broad-Spectrum Protection: Ensure the sunscreen offers broad-spectrum protection, which means it protects against both UVA and UVB rays. Look for the term ‘broad-spectrum’ on the label.
- Water Resistance: If you are swimming or sweating, choose a water-resistant sunscreen. But no sunscreen is fully waterproof, so reapply afterwards as well.
- Skin Type: Consider your skin type when choosing a sunscreen. If you have oily or acne-prone skin, look for a lightweight formula. If you have dry skin, opt for a moisturizing sunscreen.
- Sweat Resistance: Some sunscreens are resistant to sweat and rubbing, ensuring that the sunscreen stays in place even during physical activity. These sunscreens can be ideal for outdoor sports or activities.
- Environmental Protection: Some sunscreens offer protection against environmental factors such as pollution and infrared radiation. These sunscreens can help protect the skin from additional damage caused by environmental factors.
How to Use Sunscreen
To get the full benefits of sunscreen, it is important to apply it correctly. Use a generous amount for your entire body. Apply it at least half an hour before you go outside, and reapply every four hours. Also, reapply immediately after swimming or sweating. Don’t forget to apply sunscreen to often-forgotten areas like the ears, lips, and tops of the feet.
Sunscreen and Aging
Jennifer Garner once said, ‘Nothing looks better in your fifties than sunscreen in your twenties.’ Using sunscreen regularly can help prevent premature ageing of the skin, including wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots. UV rays can damage the skin’s collagen and elastin, leading to sagging and wrinkles. By using sunscreen daily, you can help keep your skin looking youthful and healthy.
Types of Sunscreens
There are two main types of sunscreens, chemical and physical.
- Chemical Sunscreens: These sunscreens contain ingredients that absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. They typically offer broad-spectrum protection. Some common active ingredients in chemical sunscreens include oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octocrylene.
- Physical Sunscreens: Also known as mineral sunscreen, these sunscreens contain ingredients that sit on top of the skin, acting as a shield that physically blocks and scatters UV radiation. They also provide broad-spectrum protection. Two main physical sunscreen ingredients include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
It’s important to note that both types of sunscreens are effective, and you can choose either depending on your preference and skin type.
Sunscreen and Skin Type
Choose a sunscreen that is suitable for your skin type. If you have:
- Oily or Acne-Prone Skin: Look for a lightweight formula that won’t clog pores.
- Dry Skin: Opt for a moisturising sunscreen to help hydrate your skin.
- Sensitive Skin: Choose a sunscreen specifically formulated for sensitive skin, with ingredients that are less likely to cause irritation.
Should You Wear Sunscreen Indoors?
Yes. You should wear sunscreen indoors. UV rays can still penetrate glass, thereby entering your windows and damaging your skin.
Common Mistakes While Using Sunscreen
One common mistake people make when using sunscreen is not applying enough. To ensure adequate protection, use a generous amount and reapply regularly. Another mistake is relying on sunscreen alone for sun protection. It’s important to also seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid peak sun hours.
In conclusion, sunscreen is a crucial part of any skincare routine, helping protect against sunburn, premature ageing, and skin cancer. Apply sunscreen generously and reapply regularly for maximum protection.
